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316 Stainless Steel
Molybdenum is added to stainless steel 316 to increase its resistance to corrosion. In chloride settings, this is especially noticeable for pitting and crevice corrosion. A steel alloy that has at least 10% chromium in it is called stainless steel because it resists corrosion. When chromium is added to stainless steel, a thin layer of metal oxide forms on the metal's surface to provide protection from corrosive substances.
9 Reasons to Use 316 Tube
Reason 1 - Properties of 316 Tubes
Mechanical Properties
| Grade | Yield Str 0.2% Proof (MPa) min | Tensile Str (MPa) min | Elong (% in 50 mm) min | Hardness | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rockwell B (HR B) max | Brinell (HB) max | ||||
| 316 | 205 | 515 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
| 316L | 170 | 485 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
| 316H | 205 | 515 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
Physical Properties
| Melting Point | 1400°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 16.3 W/m.K |
| Density | 8.00 g/cm3 |
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Thermal Expansion | 15.9 x 10-6/K |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 193 GPa |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.74 x 10-6 Ω.m |
Grade Specifications
| Country | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| United States | ASTM/UNS S31600 |
| United Kingdom | BS 316S31, BS 316S33 |
| European Union | EN/DIN 1.4401, X5CrNiMo17-12-2 |
| Germany | DIN X5CrNiMo17-12-2 |
| China | GB 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Russia | GOST 08X17H13M2T |
| France | AFNOR Z6CND17.11 |
| Japan | JIS SUS 316, JIS SUS 316L |
Reason 2 - Composition
Reason 3 - High Corrosion Resistance
Excellent in numerous corrosive fluids and a variety of climatic conditions; generally more resistant than 304. In warm chloride conditions, prone to pitting and crevice corrosion; above approximately 60 °C, susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. regarded as resistant to drinking water, lowering to roughly 500 mg/L at 60 °C from up to 1000 mg/L at room temperature.
Reason 4 - High Temperature Resistance
Excellent resistance to oxidation in continuous operation up to 925 °C and in intermittent operation up to 870 °C. It is not advised to utilize 316 continuously in the 425-860 °C range if resistance to water corrosion in the future is crucial. Grade 316L can be used in the temperature range mentioned above and is more resistant to carbide precipitation. At temperatures exceeding around 500 °C, grade 316H is occasionally utilized for pressure-containing and structural applications due to its increased strength at higher temperatures.
Reason 5 - Tensile Strength
| Properties | Metric | English |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength, Ultimate | 620 - 795 MPa | 90 - 115 ksi |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 206 MPa | 30000 psi |
Reason 6 - Heat Transfer Efficiency
The exceptional thermal conductivity of 316 stainless steel makes it possible for fluids in heat exchanger systems to transfer heat more effectively. This characteristic maximizes energy efficiency and lowers operating costs by ensuring quick and consistent heating or cooling of the process fluids.
Reason 7 - Suitable for Various Acids
| Acetic Acid | Citric Acid |
| Formic Acid | Phosphoric Acid |
| Sulfuric Acid | Tartaric Acid |
| Lactic Acid | Hydrochloric Acid |
| Oxalic Acid | Boric Acid |
| Carbonic Acid | Nitric Acid |
Reason 8 - Fabrication
All stainless steels should only be fabricated with instruments made specifically for working with stainless steel. Before using, all tools and work surfaces need to be well cleaned. These safety measures are required to prevent readily corroding metals from cross-contaminating stainless steel, which could discolor the finished product's surface.
Precipitation Hardening Process
Reason 9 - Machinability
Applications of Stainless Steel 316 Boiler Tubes
Manufacturing Process of 316 Stainless Steel Boiler Tube
SS 316 Condenser Tubes Benefits